Diffusion models have emerged as the state-of-the-art for image generation, among other tasks. Here, we present an efficient diffusion-based model for 3D-aware generation of neural fields. Our approach pre-processes training data, such as ShapeNet meshes, by converting them to continuous occupancy fields and factoring them into a set of axis-aligned triplane feature representations. Thus, our 3D training scenes are all represented by 2D feature planes, and we can directly train existing 2D diffusion models on these representations to generate 3D neural fields with high quality and diversity, outperforming alternative approaches to 3D-aware generation. Our approach requires essential modifications to existing triplane factorization pipelines to make the resulting features easy to learn for the diffusion model. We demonstrate state-of-the-art results on 3D generation on several object classes from ShapeNet.
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In this work, we introduce a hypergraph representation learning framework called Hypergraph Neural Networks (HNN) that jointly learns hyperedge embeddings along with a set of hyperedge-dependent embeddings for each node in the hypergraph. HNN derives multiple embeddings per node in the hypergraph where each embedding for a node is dependent on a specific hyperedge of that node. Notably, HNN is accurate, data-efficient, flexible with many interchangeable components, and useful for a wide range of hypergraph learning tasks. We evaluate the effectiveness of the HNN framework for hyperedge prediction and hypergraph node classification. We find that HNN achieves an overall mean gain of 7.72% and 11.37% across all baseline models and graphs for hyperedge prediction and hypergraph node classification, respectively.
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Learning fair graph representations for downstream applications is becoming increasingly important, but existing work has mostly focused on improving fairness at the global level by either modifying the graph structure or objective function without taking into account the local neighborhood of a node. In this work, we formally introduce the notion of neighborhood fairness and develop a computational framework for learning such locally fair embeddings. We argue that the notion of neighborhood fairness is more appropriate since GNN-based models operate at the local neighborhood level of a node. Our neighborhood fairness framework has two main components that are flexible for learning fair graph representations from arbitrary data: the first aims to construct fair neighborhoods for any arbitrary node in a graph and the second enables adaption of these fair neighborhoods to better capture certain application or data-dependent constraints, such as allowing neighborhoods to be more biased towards certain attributes or neighbors in the graph.Furthermore, while link prediction has been extensively studied, we are the first to investigate the graph representation learning task of fair link classification. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed neighborhood fairness framework for a variety of graph machine learning tasks including fair link prediction, link classification, and learning fair graph embeddings. Notably, our approach achieves not only better fairness but also increases the accuracy in the majority of cases across a wide variety of graphs, problem settings, and metrics.
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Structured channel pruning has been shown to significantly accelerate inference time for convolution neural networks (CNNs) on modern hardware, with a relatively minor loss of network accuracy. Recent works permanently zero these channels during training, which we observe to significantly hamper final accuracy, particularly as the fraction of the network being pruned increases. We propose Soft Masking for cost-constrained Channel Pruning (SMCP) to allow pruned channels to adaptively return to the network while simultaneously pruning towards a target cost constraint. By adding a soft mask re-parameterization of the weights and channel pruning from the perspective of removing input channels, we allow gradient updates to previously pruned channels and the opportunity for the channels to later return to the network. We then formulate input channel pruning as a global resource allocation problem. Our method outperforms prior works on both the ImageNet classification and PASCAL VOC detection datasets.
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在过去的十年中,已经对对抗性的例子,旨在诱导机器学习模型中最坏情况行为的输入进行了广泛的研究。然而,我们对这一现象的理解源于相当零散的知识库。目前,有少数攻击,每个攻击在威胁模型中都有不同的假设和无与伦比的最优定义。在本文中,我们提出了一种系统的方法来表征最坏情况(即最佳)对手。我们首先通过将攻击组件雾化到表面和旅行者中,引入对抗机器学习中攻击的扩展分解。通过分解,我们列举了组件以创建576次攻击(以前没有探索568次攻击)。接下来,我们提出了帕累托合奏攻击(PEA):上限攻击性能的理论攻击。有了我们的新攻击,我们衡量相对于PEA的性能:稳健和非稳定模型,七个数据集和三个扩展的基于LP的威胁模型,其中包含计算成本,从而形式化了对抗性策略的空间。从我们的评估中,我们发现攻击性能是高度背景的:域,稳健性和威胁模型可以对攻击效率产生深远的影响。我们的调查表明,未来衡量机器学习安全性的研究应:(1)与域和威胁模型背景相关,并且(2)超越了当今使用的少数已知攻击。
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仅使用单视2D照片的收藏集对3D感知生成对抗网络(GAN)的无监督学习最近取得了很多进展。然而,这些3D gan尚未证明人体,并且现有框架的产生的辐射场不是直接编辑的,从而限制了它们在下游任务中的适用性。我们通过开发一个3D GAN框架来解决这些挑战的解决方案,该框架学会在规范的姿势中生成人体或面部的辐射场,并使用显式变形场将其扭曲成所需的身体姿势或面部表达。使用我们的框架,我们展示了人体的第一个高质量的辐射现场生成结果。此外,我们表明,与未接受明确变形训练的3D GAN相比,在编辑其姿势或面部表情时,我们的变形感知训练程序可显着提高产生的身体或面部的质量。
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语言模型既展示了定量的改进,又展示了新的定性功能,随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响,但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息,为破坏性的新模型能力做准备,并改善社会有害的效果,至关重要的是,我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战,我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准(Big Bench)。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成,由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的,从语言学,儿童发展,数学,常识性推理,生物学,物理学,社会偏见,软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号,Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为,跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外,一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务,以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括:模型性能和校准都随规模改善,但绝对的术语(以及与评估者的性能相比);在模型类中的性能非常相似,尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分,而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标;社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加,但这可以通过提示来改善。
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视觉惯性进程(VIO)是当今大多数AR/VR和自主机器人系统的姿势估计主链,无论是学术界和工业的。但是,这些系统对关键参数的初始化高度敏感,例如传感器偏见,重力方向和度量标准。在实际场景中,很少满足高parallax或可变加速度假设(例如,悬停空中机器人,智能手机AR用户不使用电话打手机的智能手机AR),经典的视觉惯性初始化配方通常会变得不良条件和/或未能有意义地融合。在本文中,我们专门针对这些低兴奋的场景针对野生用法至关重要的视觉惯性初始化。我们建议通过将新的基于学习的测量作为高级输入来规避经典视觉惯性结构(SFM)初始化的局限性。我们利用学到的单眼深度图像(单深度)来限制特征的相对深度,并通过共同优化其尺度和偏移来将单深度升级到度量标尺。我们的实验显示出与视觉惯性初始化的经典配方相比,问题条件有显着改善,并且相对于公共基准的最先进,尤其是在低兴奋的情况下,相对于最先进的表现,具有显着的准确性和鲁棒性提高。我们进一步将这种改进扩展到现有的探射系统中的实现,以说明我们改进的初始化方法对产生跟踪轨迹的影响。
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大型语言模型可以编码有关世界的大量语义知识。这种知识对于旨在采取自然语言表达的高级,时间扩展的指示的机器人可能非常有用。但是,语言模型的一个重大弱点是,它们缺乏现实世界的经验,这使得很难利用它们在给定的体现中进行决策。例如,要求语言模型描述如何清洁溢出物可能会导致合理的叙述,但是它可能不适用于需要在特定环境中执行此任务的特定代理商(例如机器人)。我们建议通过预处理的技能来提供现实世界的基础,这些技能用于限制模型以提出可行且在上下文上适当的自然语言动作。机器人可以充当语​​言模型的“手和眼睛”,而语言模型可以提供有关任务的高级语义知识。我们展示了如何将低级技能与大语言模型结合在一起,以便语言模型提供有关执行复杂和时间扩展说明的过程的高级知识,而与这些技能相关的价值功能则提供了连接必要的基础了解特定的物理环境。我们在许多现实世界的机器人任务上评估了我们的方法,我们表明了对现实世界接地的需求,并且这种方法能够在移动操纵器上完成长远,抽象的自然语言指令。该项目的网站和视频可以在https://say-can.github.io/上找到。
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使用单视图2D照片仅集合,无监督的高质量多视图 - 一致的图像和3D形状一直是一个长期存在的挑战。现有的3D GAN是计算密集型的,也是没有3D-一致的近似;前者限制了所生成的图像的质量和分辨率,并且后者对多视图一致性和形状质量产生不利影响。在这项工作中,我们提高了3D GAN的计算效率和图像质量,而无需依赖这些近似。为此目的,我们介绍了一种表现力的混合明确隐式网络架构,与其他设计选择一起,不仅可以实时合成高分辨率多视图一致图像,而且还产生高质量的3D几何形状。通过解耦特征生成和神经渲染,我们的框架能够利用最先进的2D CNN生成器,例如Stylega2,并继承它们的效率和表现力。在其他实验中,我们展示了与FFHQ和AFHQ猫的最先进的3D感知合成。
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